Key Technologies of Laser Cutting Machines
Publishing time.
Oct 09,2020
Under certain circumstances, the key technology of laser cutting machines is the integration of optics and electronics. The performance of the machine tool and CNC system of the laser cutting machine directly affects the efficiency and quality of laser cutting. Focal position control technology: One of the advantages of laser cutting is the high energy density of the beam, so the focal spot diameter should be as small as possible to produce a narrow seam. The focal spot diameter is also proportional to the lens focal depth, and the smaller the focal depth, the smaller the spot diameter.
Under certain circumstances, the key technology of laser cutting machines is the integration of optics and electronics. The performance of the machine tool and CNC system directly affects the efficiency and quality of laser cutting.Focal position control technology: One of the advantages of laser cutting is the high energy density of the beam, so the focal spot diameter should be as small as possible to produce a narrow seam. The focal spot diameter is also proportional to the lens focal depth, thus it is necessary to master and solve the following key technologies: the smaller the focal depth, the smaller the spot diameter.
However, the laser cutting machine will splash during cutting. If the lens is too close to the workpiece, it can easily be damaged. Therefore, in high powerCO2In the industrial application of laser cutting machines, for high-quality cutting, the effective focal depth is also related to the lens diameter and the cutting material.
In principle,6 mmthe focal point of metal materials is on the surface,6 mmthe focal point of carbon steel is above the surface,6 mmand the focal point of stainless steel is below the surface. The specific dimensions are determined by experiments. There are three simple methods to determine the focal point position in industrial production: printing method: the cutting head moves from top to bottom, performing laser printing with the minimum focal point on a plastic plate with the smallest printing diameter.
Blue spark method: Remove the nozzle, blow the laser towards the stainless steel plate, and move the cutting head from top to bottom until the largest blue spark becomes the focal point. For flying optical path cutters, due to the different divergence angles at the near and far ends and the time optical path length, the beam size before focusing is different.
The larger the diameter of the incident beam of the laser cutting machine, the smaller the focal diameter. The laser cutting machine system provides some specialized equipment for users to choose from: collimators. Adding carbon dioxide to the laser output is a common method for laser beam expansion. The diameter of the expanded beam increases, the divergence angle decreases, and the beam sizes at the near and far ends before focusing are basically the same within the cutting range.
Add an independent moving lens on the cutting head, which is independent of controlling the distance between the nozzle and the material surface.Zaxis. When the machine tool worktable moves or the optical axis moves, the beam will also move from the near end to the far end, keeping the spot diameter of the entire processing area unchanged after focusing.
An additionalXdirection andYdirection compensation optical system is added to the flying optical path cutter. In other words, when the distance of the far end of the cut increases, the compensation optical path shortens; conversely, when the near end optical path decreases, the compensation optical path increases to maintain the same optical path length.
Laser cutting machine cutting and perforation technology: Except for a few cases, any thermal cutting technology can start from the edge of the plate. Generally, there must be a small hole on the plate. In the past, in laser punching machines, holes were drilled first, and then laser cutting was performed. There are two basic methods for laser cutting machines without punching devices.
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